All economic indicators at a glance
The newest value of every chart on the site, what it tells you, and how it compares with a year earlier.
Interest rates
Fifteen charts that show what money costs in the United States, from overnight bank loans to 30-year mortgages.| Indicator | Latest | Period | vs. a year ago |
|---|---|---|---|
| Federal Funds RateThe Fed's main policy rate; it sets the floor for most US borrowing costs. | 3.88% | Oct 2026 | ↓ 0.21 pts in 12 mo |
| 10-Year Treasury YieldThe benchmark long-term rate behind mortgages and corporate borrowing. | 5.13% | Oct 2026 | ↑ 1.07 pts in 12 mo |
| 2-Year Treasury YieldThe market's forecast of Fed policy over the next two years. | 4.74% | Oct 2026 | ↑ 1.22 pts in 12 mo |
| 5-Year Treasury YieldInterest rate on five-year US government notes. | 4.93% | Oct 2026 | ↑ 1.28 pts in 12 mo |
| 1-Year Treasury YieldInterest rate on one-year US Treasury securities. | 4.46% | Oct 2026 | ↑ 0.85 pts in 12 mo |
| 30-Year Treasury YieldThe cost of borrowing for three decades; reflects long-run inflation fears. | 5.47% | Oct 2026 | ↑ 0.83 pts in 12 mo |
| 3-Month Treasury Bill RateWhat safe cash earns; closely follows the Fed funds rate. | 4.23% | Oct 2026 | ↑ 0.25 pts in 12 mo |
| Yield Curve (10Y − 2Y)Long minus short rates; below zero it has warned of recessions. | 0.39% | Oct 2026 | ↓ 0.15 pts in 12 mo |
| Yield Curve (10Y − 3M)Gap between 10-year and 3-month Treasury yields; below zero means inverted. | 0.90% | Oct 2026 | ↑ 0.82 pts in 12 mo |
| Prime RateThe base rate for credit cards, HELOCs and many business loans. | 7.00% | Oct 2026 | ↓ 0.23 pts in 12 mo |
| Real Interest Rate (10-Year TIPS)Interest after inflation, from inflation-protected Treasuries. | 2.78% | Oct 2026 | ↑ 1.02 pts in 12 mo |
| Inflation Expectations (10-Year)Inflation investors expect over the next decade, from bond prices. | 2.35% | Oct 2026 | ↑ 0.04 pts in 12 mo |
| 5-Year Breakeven Inflation RateInflation investors expect over the next five years, from bond prices. | 2.40% | Oct 2026 | ↑ 0.04 pts in 12 mo |
| 5-Year, 5-Year Forward Inflation ExpectationAverage inflation markets expect in the five years starting five years from now. | 2.30% | Oct 2026 | ↑ 0.05 pts in 12 mo |
| 30-Year Mortgage RateAverage 30-year fixed rate offered to US home buyers. | 7.33% | Oct 2026 | ↑ 1.08 pts in 12 mo |
Inflation
Ten charts: five ways to measure overall inflation, and five of the price categories that push it up or down.| Indicator | Latest | Period | vs. a year ago |
|---|---|---|---|
| US Inflation RateHow fast consumer prices rose over the past 12 months (CPI). | 3.7% | Sep 2026 | ↑ 0.7 pts in 12 mo |
| Core Inflation RateInflation without volatile food and energy: the underlying trend. | 2.6% | Sep 2026 | ↓ 0.5 pts in 12 mo |
| PCE Inflation RateThe inflation measure the Fed's 2% target is based on. | 3.6% | Sep 2026 | ↑ 0.9 pts in 12 mo |
| Core PCE Inflation RatePCE inflation minus food and energy; key input for Fed decisions. | 3.1% | Sep 2026 | ↑ 0.3 pts in 12 mo |
| PPI Inflation RateChange in prices US producers receive, from a year earlier. | 6.3% | Sep 2026 | ↑ 3.3 pts in 12 mo |
| Shelter InflationHow fast rents and the rental value of owned homes are rising. | 3.2% | Sep 2026 | ↓ 0.4 pts in 12 mo |
| Grocery Inflation (Food at Home)How fast supermarket food prices are rising. | 1.8% | Sep 2026 | ↓ 0.9 pts in 12 mo |
| Energy Inflation12-month change in what households pay for energy. | 20.4% | Sep 2026 | ↑ 17.6 pts in 12 mo |
| Used Car Price InflationHow fast prices of used cars and trucks are changing. | −1.5% | Sep 2026 | ↓ 6.5 pts in 12 mo |
| Car Insurance Inflation12-month change in what drivers pay for auto insurance. | −5.0% | Sep 2026 | ↓ 8.1 pts in 12 mo |
Jobs and growth
Eighteen charts that show whether the US economy is growing, how many people are working, and how likely a recession is.| Indicator | Latest | Period | vs. a year ago |
|---|---|---|---|
| US Unemployment RateShare of the labor force looking for work but without a job. | 4.2% | Sep 2026 | ↓ 0.2 pts in 12 mo |
| US Job GrowthJobs added or lost each month, from the payroll survey. | +29K | Sep 2026 | ↓ 47K in 12 mo |
| US Wage GrowthHow fast average hourly pay is rising, year over year. | 3.0% | Sep 2026 | ↓ 0.8 pts in 12 mo |
| US GDP GrowthQuarterly growth of the whole economy's output, after inflation. | 3.4% | Q3 2026 | ↓ 0.5 pts in 12 mo |
| US GDPValue of everything the US economy produces in a year, in current dollars. | $33.01T | Q3 2026 | ↑ 5.9% in 12 mo |
| US Real GDPTotal US output with inflation removed, in 2017 dollars. | $24.61T | Q3 2026 | ↑ 2.1% in 12 mo |
| Misery IndexUnemployment plus inflation: a rough gauge of economic pain. | 7.9% | Sep 2026 | ↑ 0.5 pts in 12 mo |
| Personal Saving RateShare of after-tax income households save rather than spend. | 3.8% | Sep 2026 | ↓ 1.3 pts in 12 mo |
| Retail Sales GrowthAnnual change in what Americans spend at stores, online and restaurants. | 6.3% | Sep 2026 | ↑ 2.6 pts in 12 mo |
| Industrial Production GrowthAnnual change in output from factories, mines and utilities. | 2.2% | Sep 2026 | ↑ 0.4 pts in 12 mo |
| Initial Jobless ClaimsNew unemployment insurance claims filed each week. | 197K | Oct 2026 | ↓ 13.2% in 12 mo |
| Job Openings (JOLTS)Unfilled jobs that employers are actively trying to fill, in millions. | 7.52M | Sep 2026 | ↑ 4.9% in 12 mo |
| Labor Force Participation RateShare of people 16 and older who are working or looking for work. | 61.8% | Sep 2026 | ↓ 0.7 pts in 12 mo |
| Sahm Rule Recession IndicatorRise in the 3-month average unemployment rate above its recent low. | 0.00% | Sep 2026 | ↓ 0.23 pts in 12 mo |
| U-6 Unemployment RateUnemployment including discouraged and involuntary part-time workers. | 7.6% | Sep 2026 | ↓ 0.5 pts in 12 mo |
| Quits Rate (JOLTS)Share of workers who quit their job each month. | 2.1% | Sep 2026 | ↑ 0.2 pts in 12 mo |
| Layoffs Rate (JOLTS)Share of workers laid off or discharged each month. | 1.0% | Sep 2026 | ↓ 0.1 pts in 12 mo |
| Recession ProbabilityOdds of a US recession 12 months ahead, from the yield curve. | 12.4% | Oct 2026 | ↓ 14.1 pts in 12 mo |
Housing
Four charts that follow homes from construction to sale, and what they cost.| Indicator | Latest | Period | vs. a year ago |
|---|---|---|---|
| Housing StartsNew homes on which construction began, at an annual rate. | 1.22M | Sep 2026 | ↓ 7.4% in 12 mo |
| New Home SalesNewly built single-family homes sold, at an annual rate. | 676K | Sep 2026 | ↓ 5.3% in 12 mo |
| New Home Supply (Months' Supply)How long new homes for sale would last at the current sales pace. | 8.4 months | Sep 2026 | ↑ 0.2 months in 12 mo |
| US Home Price GrowthYear-over-year change in the value of US single-family homes. | 3.0% | Q2 2026 | ↓ 0.8 pts in 12 mo |
Food and energy
Ten charts of the everyday prices people notice most: fuel, power and groceries.| Indicator | Latest | Period | vs. a year ago |
|---|---|---|---|
| US Gas PricesNational average price of a gallon of regular gas. | $4.31 | Oct 2026 | ↑ 40.8% in 12 mo |
| Crude Oil Prices (WTI)The US benchmark price of a barrel of crude oil. | $102.07 | Oct 2026 | ↑ 67.6% in 12 mo |
| Brent Crude Oil PricesThe international benchmark price of a barrel of crude oil. | $123.93 | Oct 2026 | ↑ 92.0% in 12 mo |
| US Diesel PricesNational average retail price of a gallon of on-highway diesel. | $6.25 | Oct 2026 | ↑ 69.9% in 12 mo |
| Natural Gas Prices (Henry Hub)US benchmark wholesale price of natural gas. | $2.99 | Oct 2026 | ↓ 6.3% in 12 mo |
| US Electricity PricesAverage price households pay per kilowatt-hour of electricity. | $0.196 | Sep 2026 | ↑ 4.3% in 12 mo |
| US Egg PricesAverage retail price of a dozen Grade A large eggs. | $2.27 | Sep 2026 | ↓ 34.9% in 12 mo |
| Ground Beef PricesAverage retail price of a pound of 100% ground beef. | $6.79 | Sep 2026 | ↑ 7.4% in 12 mo |
| Coffee PricesAverage retail price of a pound of ground roast coffee. | $9.33 | Sep 2026 | ↑ 2.1% in 12 mo |
| Bread PricesAverage retail price of a pound of white bread. | $1.83 | Sep 2026 | ↓ 2.0% in 12 mo |
Money and debt
Eight charts covering the money in the economy, the value of the dollar and what the federal government borrows, owes and pays.| Indicator | Latest | Period | vs. a year ago |
|---|---|---|---|
| M2 Money SupplyCash, checking, savings and money market balances, in $ trillions. | $23.41T | Sep 2026 | ↑ 5.7% in 12 mo |
| M1 Money SupplyCash and the most liquid bank deposits held by the public. | $20.06T | Sep 2026 | ↑ 6.2% in 12 mo |
| US National DebtAll outstanding federal debt, in $ trillions, quarterly. | $39.46T | Q2 2026 | ↑ 9.0% in 12 mo |
| US Federal DeficitFederal spending minus revenue over the past 12 months. | $1.99T | Sep 2026 | ↑ $0.22T in 12 mo |
| US Debt to GDPTotal federal debt as a percentage of the size of the economy. | 121.2% | Q2 2026 | ↑ 3.0 pts in 12 mo |
| Federal Interest PaymentsInterest the federal government pays on its debt, at an annual rate. | $1.33T | Q3 2026 | ↑ 7.3% in 12 mo |
| Fed Balance SheetTotal assets held by the Federal Reserve, in $ trillions. | $6.75T | Oct 2026 | ↑ 2.4% in 12 mo |
| US Dollar Index (Broad)Value of the dollar against the currencies of major US trading partners. | 121.48 | Oct 2026 | ↑ 0.6% in 12 mo |